Lauren Mason – Page 17

Deciphering magnetism and its dynamics by Time-Resolved X-Ray Microscopy – a step towards magnonic data processing

Contemporary information and communication technology (ICT) reaches more and more its limits with respect to power consumption and heat dissipation with ICT already consuming about 7% of global energy. Already several decades ago, the use of the magnetic spin as information unit has been suggested to overcome these limits, offering a path to low-power data processing. Time-Resolved X-ray Microscopy is a valuable addition to the common spectromicroscopy techniques used in the research and design process of spintronics and magnonics, allowing the element-specific and spatially resolved characterization of dynamic magnetic properties of materials and logic designs on the sub-30 nm scale. In my talk I’m going to introduce Time-resolved Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy and its application in studying magnonics in addition to Ferromagnetic Resonance spectroscopy and Micromagnetic simulations. In addition, I will present a concept of a Magnonic Cellular Nonlinear Network as an approach for massively parallel magnonic processing.

Congratulations to Bin Wang for Receiving the 2022 SPIE BACUS Scholarship

Congratulations to Bin Wang for receiving the 2022 SPIE BACUS Scholarship! The SPIE BACUS Scholarship was set up in 1998 to reward the most qualified students who wish to work in the fields of photomask and microlithography manufacturing for the semiconductor industry. This award will partially assist with pursuing Bin’s career goals in the fields of microlithography, photomask technology and/or optical/EUV photolithography technologies.

The BACUS Steering Committee, in concert with the SPIE Scholarship Committee, will work with institutions of higher learning to identify candidates and award scholarships to help prepare them to make significant contributions to industry.

Colorado’s quantum revolution

In the 17th Century, a Dutch merchant named Antony van Leeuwenhoek began experimenting with making new microscope lenses and, in the process, plunged humanity into a new world—this one teeming with previously-undiscovered life, from small bacteria to single-celled algae and more.

More than 400 years later, scientists are in the midst of an equally-important revolution. They’re diving into a previously-hidden realm—far wilder than anything van Leeuwenhoek, known as the “father of microbiology,” could have imagined. Some researchers, like physicists Margaret Murnane and Henry Kapteyn, are exploring this world of even tinier things with microscopes that are many times more precise than the Dutch scientist’s. Others, like Jun Ye, are using lasers to cool clouds of atoms to just a millionth of a degree above absolute zero with the goal of collecting better measurements of natural phenomena.

Congratulations to Fort Lewis College, University of California Irvine, and Florida International University for Receiving Awards and Recognition from the NSF COVID-19 Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion Challenge

Congratulations to Fort Lewis College, University of California Irvine, and Florida International University for being awarded and recognized in the NSF COVID-19 Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion Challenge.

Fort Lewis College received $25,000 from the National Science Foundation in the four-year STEM undergraduate category of awards.
UC Irvine received $15,000 in the STEM Graduate Student and Postdoctoral Scholar category of awards.
Florida International University received honorable mention.

Fort Lewis College, a Native American serving, non-tribal institution, awards more undergraduate degrees to Native American students than any other college in the U.S. Prior to COVID-19, first-to-second year retention rates among native students increased from 55% to 67% between 2015-2019; however, for the 2020 first-year cohort there was a 20% decline to 47%. The short-term impacts of COVID-19 revealed challenges in student academic preparedness. Many of the challenges have been exacerbated among Native American students, all of whom are pursuing STEM degrees, and at a stage where college readiness is critical. The Fort Lewis College Taking Action submission describes three evidence-based and system efforts (first-year launch course, foundational mathematics support, and holistic student support services) to increase student success, retention and ultimately in the long-term, conferral of STEM baccalaureate degrees.

At the University of California, Irvine (UCI), 20% of the student population is Hispanic, Latino, or Pacific Islanders. Surveys demonstrated that COVID exacerbated the already existing challenges for many of these students working as teaching assistants, especially with pivoting to remote learning. In support of these students, the UCI developed three different initiatives. Fellowships were provided for students to conduct contact tracing. A Summer Fellows program was also developed to train graduate students in inclusive pedagogy, with a focus on cultural competency, and innovative technologies. Assessment of the program demonstrated improved outcomes for undergraduate students from underrepresented populations taught by Fellows. In addition, UCI offered funding for summer research to graduate students from underrepresented populations who had a record of participation in DEI activities such as mentoring other students from underrepresented populations. Support for Graduate Inclusive Excellence Fellows continued in 2021 and is expected to continue in the future. All of these initiatives are undergoing iterative improvement through assessment and evaluation.

Congratulations to Gordana Dukovic for Being Selected as a Finalist for the 2022 Blavatnik National Award for Young Scientists

The Blavatnik Family Foundation and the New York Academy of Sciences announced 31 finalists today for the 2022 Blavatnik National Awards for Young Scientists, the world’s largest unrestricted prize honoring early-career scientists and engineers. From that exceptional group, three winners—in life sciences, chemistry, and physical sciences & engineering—will be named on June 29, each receiving $250,000 as a Blavatnik National Awards Laureate. The honorees were chosen from a highly competitive pool of 309 nominees from 150 leading universities and scientific institutions from 38 states across the United States.

Optimizing Workflows for Machine Learning Analysis of Electron Microscopy Data

The increasing ability to perform high throughput electron microscopy has created a need for robust, automated analysis that appears addressable by machine learning (ML) tools. Approaches such as convolutional neural nets (CNNs) are finding increased application in scientific data analysis tasks, including analysis of electron microscopy imaging data. However, electron microscopy data varies significantly from natural images. To provide robust ML analysis for increasingly large and complex electron microscopy datasets, we have performed experimental and simulated studies to examine how experimental variation should be included in a training dataset for robust performance and maximum accuracy across workflows. We have also analyzed the role that network architecture plays, and present methods to increase performance of lightweight networks. Ultimately, our tools advance performance of ML workflows that can shed light on structural variation and correlation of large populations of nanomaterials from imaging data.

Congratulations to Kaitlyn Kukula for Receiving the Outstanding Undergraduate Research Award & the Don Rabern Service Award from Fort Lewis College

Kaitlyn Kukula received the Outstanding Undergraduate Research Award and the Don Rabern Service Award from the Physics & Engineering Department at Fort Lewis College in Durango, CO. Kaitlyn has been training in research as an undergraduate student in Prof. Yiyan Li’s lab at FLC.

UC Berkeley researchers awarded Pew Innovation Funding

The Pew Charitable Trusts has announced the 2020 grantees of the Pew Innovation Fund which supports research collaborations among alumni of their biomedical programs. This year, six pairs of researchers will partner on some of the most complex questions in human biology and disease. From neuroscience and virology to biophysics and computational biology, the 2020 Innovation Fund teams are combining their expertise to explore a variety of research areas.

Pew Scholars Polina Lishko, from the University of California, Berkeley and Buck Institute for Research on Aging and Ke Xu, from the University of California, Berkeley and a Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub Investigator, will collaborate to investigate the role of steroid hormones in Alzheimer’s, a disease affecting more than 5.8 million Americans aged 65 or older in 2020.

Variational methods in computational microscopy

Many Microscopy techniques have been developed to explore atomic structures of material and biological specimens at a nano-scale. Coherent Diffractive Imaging (CDI) and Atomic Electron Tomography (AET) are the most powerful among these techniques. Mathematics, especially variational optimization, also follows and supports microscopy, helping to solve various image processing problems such as deblurring and denoising. In our latest research, variational methods can help obtain super-resolution ptychography images, marking a substantial improvement in computational microscopy and bypassing the resolution limit. While sub-pixel shifting and structured probes are two crucial keys to the super-resolution problem, total variation and l1 regularization play a significant role in reconstruction. In another research project, we explore the magnetic vector fields created in the vacancy between atoms of a magnetized material. Our analysis shows that the vector tomography needs in-plane rotation and constraint support to guarantee reconstruction. The sparsity inducing l1 minimization is the right tool to generate highly accurate support. Our variational methods have successfully solved a wide range of image processing problems. We will continue to utilize these techniques again in our upcoming research.

Ripples in Space-Time: Nano-Imaging Functional Materials at their Elementary Scales

Functional materials—like molecular electronics, biomaterials, light-emitting diodes, or new photovoltaic materials—gain their electronic or photonic properties from complex and multifaceted interactions occurring at the elementary scales of their atomic or molecular constituents. In addition, the ability to control the functions of these materials through external stimuli , e.g., in the form of strong optical excitations, enables new properties in the materials, making them appealing for new technological applications. However, a major obstacle to overcome is the combination of the very fast time (billionths of a second) scales and the very small spatial (nanometer) scales which define the many-body interactions of the elementary excitations in the material which define its function. The extremely high time and spatial resolutions needed have been extremely difficult to achieve simultaneously. Many physicists have, therefore, struggled to visualize the interactions within these materials. In a paper recently published in Nature Communications, JILA Fellow Markus Raschke and his team report on a new ultrafast imaging technique that could solve this issue.

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About Lauren Mason